实践测试 6
阅读段落 1
You should ideally spend 20 提问时间 1-14 based on Reading Passage 1 以下.
Propaganda – The good, the bad and the ugly
A. Imagine for a moment that you are an impoverished citizen of ancient Egypt, hopefully hoeing the desert and wondering when it will bloom. Suddenly, a cloud of dust appears on the horizon which eventually resolves itself into a gallop of horses and chariots commanded by heavily armed soldiers followed, eventually, by a crocodile of exhausted slaves lugging building materials.
乙. They all come to a halt outside your home and you make a strategic withdrawal indoors, from where you watch them through a slit in the wall. In an amazingly short lime, the slaves build a 40-foot high obelisk which Is then surrounded by it swarm of stonemasons. Then, when the work, whatever it is, has been completed, the entire company withdraws as quickly as it came.
C. Once the coast is clear, you creep outside to examine their handiwork. The obelisk is covered with carvings of soldiers, looking remarkably like those who have just left, engaged in countless victorious battles, decimating the countryside and gruesomely killing people who look remarkably like you. prominently portrayed, surveying sphinx-like the carnage committed in his same, is the Pharaoh. You can’t read, but you get the picture. You, in consort with your disaffected neigh hours, had been contemplating, in a rather desultory fashion, a small uprising. You change your mind in what is one of the easiest examples of the power of propaganda.
D. 当然, as is often the case with big ideas when they tire in their infancy, the methods employed. In ancient Egypt were far from subtle, But over subsequent centuries, the use of propaganda was conscientiously honed. It was not until the First World War that propaganda made the quantum leap from the gentler arts of persuasion to become the tool of coercion. As Philip Taylor says in War and the Media: “Before 1914, it simply meant the means by which the proponent of a particular doctrine… propagated his beliefs among his audience … propaganda is simply a process of persuasion. As a concept, it is neutral and should be devoid of value judgements”.
乙. It is unlikely, at least in the West, that propaganda will ever be rehabilitated as a neutral concept. The very word is now so loaded with sinister connotations that it evokes an immediate and visceral sense of outrage. For the use of propaganda reached its apogee in the machinery of the Third Reich. Hitler and Goebbels between them elevated it to a black art of such diabolical power that it has been permanently discredited among those who witnessed its expression. Indeed in 1936 at Nuremberg, Hitler attributed his entire success to the workings of propaganda. He said: “Propaganda brought us to power, propaganda has since enabled us to remain in power, and propaganda will give us the means of conquering the world”.
F. It is therefore unsurprising that Western governments and politicians are liable to perform the most extreme presentational acrobatics in their efforts to avoid the dreaded “p” word being applied to any of their activities. They have developed impressive lexicons of euphemisms and doublespeak to distance themselves from any taint of it, real or imagined. Inevitably, the media is alive to this hypersensitivity and the “p“ word has become a potent weapon in its arsenal. It is used pejoratively, with intent to discredit and wound, as governments are painfully aware. For propaganda is the spectre that haunts many a government-inspired media fest. It is the uninvited guest, the empty chair which serves to remind the hosts precisely why the gathering has been convened and forces them to run quality tests on the fare on offer — is it factually nutritious, is it presented in a balanced and truthful way, is its integrity intact?
G. In this one respect, at least, the negative connotations attached to propaganda actually perform a positive function. They offer a salutary reminder of ail that government information is supposed not to be and act as a ferocious curb on any runaway tendency to excess. Most importantly, the public is alive to the dangers of propaganda and alert to its manifestations whether overt or covert. They know that propaganda is the serpent lurking In the tree of knowledge; that it is subtle, it beguiles, it seduces, it obfuscates, it holds out simple dreams and turns them into nightmare realities, it subverts, it pretends to be other than it is. They know that it is the poisoned fruit of the goblin market, not the plain bread of truth that is the staple diet of information. And they will not tolerate It. They succumb instead to the more blatant blandishments of advertising, which might be regarded as the wolf of propaganda, tamed and turned to domestic use. Safe in the knowledge that the wolf has been securely trussed by the rules and regulations of the Advertising Standards Authority, they knowingly consent to be had,
问题 1-10
Complete the text below, which is a summary of paragraphs. Choose a suitable word from the text for each blank.
Write your answers in Blank spaces 1-10 在你的答卷上.
您可以使用 any word more than once.
例子: propaganda – the good, the bad and the____________.
回答: ugly.
_____1______ that you are a poor_________2______ living in ancient Egypt, when a band of soldiers accompanied by a________3_____ of slaves carrying building materials appears on the scene. While you are inside your house, the slaves erect an __________4_____ and the whole company disappears. The_________5______ features figures like those soldiers who have just left engaged in victorious battles and, in a prominent position, the figure of the sphinx-like_____6________. After briefly considering an_________7_____ , you and the other inhabitants change your___________8______ In what is one of the earliest Instances of the power of______ 9______ , albeit a not very _______ 10____ one.
问题 11-14
Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them next to 11-14 在你的答卷上.
11 According to Philip Taylor, propaganda …
A is needed to propagate people’s beliefs
B was a tool of coercion before 1914
C has always been a neutral force
D was merely a process of persuading people to do things prior to 1914
12 According to Philip Taylor, propaganda …
A is not a neutral concept
B is value loaded up until 1914
C is ti neutral concept
D was a neutral concept up until 1914
13 Politicians in the West …
A will do anything to avoid using the word propaganda
B like using the word propaganda in the media
C do not dread the “p” word
D are consummate acrobats
14 The public …
A are happy to be deceived by advertisers
B are deceived by advertisers
C are not deceived by advertisers
D respect the advertisers
阅读段落 2
您应该花费大约 20 提问时间 15-28, 这是基于阅读文章的 2 以下.
The pursuit of knowledge
A. According to the great English lexicographer Samuel Johnson, knowledge is of two kinds. We know a subject ourselves or we know where we can find information upon it (Boswell Life vol. 2 p, 383 18 April 1775). In the information-driven world we now inhabit, the latter has assumed a much greater level of importance.
乙. At the time of the European Renaissance, which spanned the fourteenth, fifteenth and six-teenth centuries, it was considered possible for the educated, well-read man, the so-called Renaissance man, to possess the sum total of human knowledge. Admittedly, the body of knowledge then available was restricted, being held firmly in check by several important factors; the paucity of books in circulation at that time; the difficulty of acquiring copies of the texts; the need to copy texts by hand; and the cost of doing so. The example of Lupus of Ferrieres’ search for the Arsrhetorica of Fortunatus in the ninth century was repeated again and again throughout the Latin West until the momentous advent of printing in the middle of the fifteenth century. Printed books saw the end of some of the practical limitations placed on the spread of human knowledge. The first revolution in Information technology had begun.
C. Renaissance man was rapidly left behind by this development; 和, henceforth, it would be increasingly difficult for the educated man to cope with the expansion of knowledge that flowed through Europe via the medium of movable type. In today’s world, the scenario could hardly be more different. The most well-read individual, whom we could legitimately call information man, or homo sapiens, would certainly be considerably more knowledgeable than Renaissance man, 然而, because of the ever-expanding increase in the sum total of human knowledge over the latter half of the last millennium, and the changes in the world of technology, easy access to information has reduced the stature of the educated individual. All that he can hope to be now is an expert in a narrow field, not the all-knowing polymath of yesteryear.
D. It Is not surprising to see people overwhelmed by the unlimited stream of Information. There is simply too much of it to assimilate, and it is difficult to know what to do with the data once it is received; which brings us back to Johnson’s words. But we need to add another dimension to his dictum, one which was probably true in his time, but is even more pertinent today: people need to be able to live the knowledge they acquire and not just know it or know where to find it. Our deficiency in this regard is, 也许, the most singular failure of the modern information age.
乙. Acquisitiveness is a natural human Instinct. Children collect cards of footballers, or whatever is the latest fad, Stamps, coins and books are targets for children and adult collectors (dike, as their basic instincts are played upon and nurtured by market forces. The desire to gather knowledge is nothing new. What is astonishing, 然而, Is the way in which people treat the knowledge ones It has been collected. It is as if the collection were an end in Itself; and herein lies the great deception, We have turned the world into a large machine of information, a veritable vortex into which we are all being Inexorably sucked, People beaver away amassing raw data, labouring under the misapprehension that they are doing something worthwhile when all that is really happening is the movement of information from one place to another, We should hardly be surprised that, as this becomes apparent, disillusionment and stress in the workplace arc becoming sadly the all too common consequences.
F. The world Is not really the richer for having the current wealth of knowledge at its fingertips. It is like standing amongst the wealth of the British Library, the Bibliothèque Nationals in Paris or other great libraries and not being able to read. So what is to be done? Training in collecting and processing relevant information, followed by learning to collate, analyse and select or discard is the obvious solution, But there is such a dearth of people who know what to do that one remains pessimistic.
The pursuit of knowledge is sadly not all it is cracked up to be.
问题 15-21
完成下面的句子. 使用 NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS from the passage to complete each blank space.
Write your answers in Blank spaces next to 15-21 在你的答卷上.
15 Samuel Johnson was an___________________ .
16 Renaissance man supposedly possessed all__________________.
17 The spread of knowledge changed with the all important___________________ .
18 据作者介绍, today’s information man knows more than_______________ .
19 The standing of the modern educated man has been diminished by _________________.
20 The polymath of the Renaissance is described as_______________________ .
21 In today’s world, people are weighed down by the endless__________________.
问题 22-25
Answer the questions below. 使用 NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers next to 22-25 在你的答卷上.
22 How does the writer describe people’s inability in the modern world to use the knowledge that they obtain?
23 What is the desire to collect things described as?
24 据作者介绍, what has the world turned into?
25 What are the consequences in the workplace of moving large amounts of raw data around?
问题 26-28
Do the statements below agree with the information in Reading Passage 1?
In Boxes 26-28, write:
是的, 如果该陈述与段落中的信息一致
不, 如果该陈述与段落中的信息相矛盾
未给出, 如果文章中没有关于该陈述的信息
例子: The European Renaissance spanned the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries.
回答: 是的.
26 As the world has a wealth of knowledge within easy reach, it is now richer,
27 Knowledge processing courses will soon be obligatory for all library workers.
28 The author believes that the pursuit of knowledge is worthwhile.
阅读段落 3
您应该花费大约 20 提问时间 29-40, 这是基于阅读文章 3 以下.
A. 伊尼绍文半岛之间, 德里西北部, 和安特里姆峡谷, in the cast beyond the Sperrin Mountains, 发现了一些西欧最迷人和迷人的风景. 罗伊谷公园, 一些 15 miles east of Deny is a prime example. 公园, 就像很多凯尔特人的地方一样, 充满历史和传奇色彩. 当鱼子流过南边斯佩林山脉的石南花沼泽时, it is a river by the time it cuts through what was once called the “garden of the soul” – in Celtic “Gortenanima”.
乙. The castle of O’Cahftn once stood here and a number of houses which made up the town of Limavady. 该镇得名于一只狗带着信息跳进罗伊河的传说, 或者也许是在追鹿. This is a magical place, 水流穿过岩石和林地的地方; 有时, 在夏季树荫下的幽暗凉爽的水池中徘徊, 和, 在别人处, 为水磨坊形成堰和引线现在早已不复存在.
C. 鱼子, 像所有的河流一样, 是历史和变化的见证者. 前往穆拉山, 位于罗伊河西岸，位于现今利马瓦迪镇外, St, Columba came in 575 AD for the Convention of Drumccatl, 世界可能没有意识到它对 Limavady 有所了解; 但这个小镇是, 实际上, 因简·罗斯的歌曲《丹尼男孩》而闻名, 改编自街头流浪汉曾经演奏过的一首曲子.
D. 一些 30 从 Limavady 沿着海岸公路行驶数英里, one comes upon the forlorn but imposing ruin of Dunluce Castle, 矗立在柔软的玄武岩露头上, 无视汹涌的大西洋四面八方的攻击. The jagged – toothed ruins sit proudly on their rock top commanding the coastline to cast and west. 与大陆的唯一连接是通过一座窄桥. 直到厨房的庭院掉进海里 1639 杀死数名仆人, 城堡里已经有人居住了, In the next hundred years or so, the structure gradually fell into Its present dramatic state of disrepair, stripped of its roofs by wind and weather and robbed by a man of its carved stonework. Ruined and forlorn its aspect may be, yet, 在漫长的夏日夜晚令人难以忘怀的凯尔特暮色中, 它让人想起另一个时代, 另一个梦想.
乙. A mile or so to the cast of the castle lies Port na Spanish, where the Neapolitan Gaileas, 赫罗纳, 十月的一个漆黑夜晚，西班牙无敌舰队沉没 1588 正在前往苏格兰的途中. Of the 1500’Odd men on board, 九人幸存. Even further to the east, is the Giant’s Causeway, a stunning coastline with strangely symmetrical columns of dark basalt – a beautiful geological two under, someone once said of the causeway that it was worth seeing, 但不值得去看, 那是有马车的时代，出行很困难. 但它绝对值得一游. 黄昏时分的最后一刻是充分享受海岸线魔力的最佳时间; 当这个地方发挥自己的作用的时候.
F. 游客都走了，如果你很幸运的话，你会独自一人, 这并不可怕, but there is a power in the place; tangible, 却又莫名其妙. The feeling is one of eeriness and longing, uni of something missing, something not quite fulfilled; the loss of light and the promise of darkness; a time between two worlds, 一旦经历过, this feeling never leaves you: the longing haunts and pulls at you for the rest of your days. 超越堤道, connecting the mainland with an outcrop of rock jutting out of the turbulent Atlantic is the Carrick-a-Hede Hope Bridge- Not a crossing for the faint-hearted. 桥在急流的深渊之上摇摆, foaming water that seeks to drag the unwary down, 和远方.
问题 29-33
Choose one phrase (A-E) from the list of places to label the map below, Write the appropriate letters (A-i) in Boxes 29-33 在你的答卷上,
List of places
A The Sperrin Mountains
B Dunluce Castle
C Inishowen
D The Glens of Antrim
E Limavady
问题 34-37
Do the statements below agree with the Information in Reading Passage 3?In Boxes 34-37, write
是的, 如果该陈述与段落中的信息一致
不, 如果该陈述与段落中的信息相矛盾
未给出, 如果文章中没有关于该陈述的信息
例子: Inishowen is in the north-west of Ireland. 回答: 是的.
34 后 1639 邓卢斯城堡并非完全无人居住.
35 对于作者来说, Dunluce castle evokes another period of history.
36 有超过 1500 赫罗纳河沉没时的人们.
37 The writer disagrees with the viewpoint that the Giant’s Causeway is not worth going to
问题 38-40
Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them next to 38-40 在你的答卷上.
38 The writer feels that the Giant’s Causeway is …
A un unsettling place
B relaxing place
C 无聊的地方
D a place that helps one unwind
39 Where was this passage taken from?
A the news section of a newspaper
B A travel section in a newspaper
C a biography
D an academic journal on geography
40 以下哪一个是该文章的好标题?
A 罗伊谷公园
B 巨人堤道
C Going Hast to West
D 历史的飞跃