实践测试 44
阅读段落 1
您应该花费大约 20 提问时间 1-14 这是基于阅读文章的 1
进或出?
A. 在 803, 机会平等意识增强, 继续教育学院的重点转向扩大参与, 鼓励以前代表性不足的群体的学生进入大学, 尤其是来自少数民族的. 这, 反过来, 制定了更能代表新学生群体的课程. 例如, 有举措确保将黑人作家的文学纳入A-level文学课程; 历史教学大纲进行了修改，以超越纯粹以欧洲为中心的世界观, 地理教学大纲开始关注地图的政治性.
乙. 英国继续教育学院传统上并不担心学生辍学, because the origins of the sector were in vocational apprenticeship training for employers where the apprentice could not drop out without endangering their job. 在 703, 该部门开始扩展到更多的通识教育课程, which were seen both as an alternative to school for 16-18 year-olds and a second chance for adults. 这种哲学主要是自由主义的，学生被视为成年人，不应受到严格监控, 而是可以自由地做出自己的决定; it was not uncommon to hear academic staff argue that attendance at classes was purely voluntary.
雅思阅读 (学术的) 实际测试及答案 (十月 2021 – 扬 2022) | 电子书
4.8 的 89 评论
由专业雅思老师撰写，为考生在重要日子提供帮助
由专业雅思老师撰写，为考生在重要日子提供帮助
C. 转折点出现了 1991 政府教育监察机构发布了一份关于完成率的报告, 女王陛下英格兰和威尔士监察局, (人机界面 1991). 然而, 这份报告是基于学术人员对学生离开原因的解释. It suggested that the vast majority left either for personal reasons or because they had found employment and that only 10% left for reasons that could in any way be attributed to the college.
D. 同时, 英国正在经历撒切尔革命, 与美国的里根政治并行, a key principle was the need to focus on radical taxation reduction. 在此刻 (并且在很大程度上仍然), 继续教育和高等教育学院几乎全部由公共财政资助. There had been many cuts in this funding through the 805, 但没有人真正考虑过物有所值. However in the early 9os, 审计委员会和教育标准办公室 (OF STED) (新版HMI) 将焦点转向继续教育并发表开创性报告, Unfinished Business (审计委员会和 OFSTED 1993), 这表明辍学现象正在大规模发生, 关键是考虑到当时的政治, 给国家造成了 5 亿英镑的损失, 认为这是对公众的浪费 (IE. taxpayers’) 钱. 引用约克的话 (1999), 未完成变成了政治问题.
乙. 审计委员会的报告与政府尽可能将国家职能私有化的举措同时发布; and with the decision to remove further education from the control of the local government and give it a quasi-dependent status, where colleges were governed by independent boards of governors bidding to the state for funding to run educational provision. 作为本次活动的一部分, a new series of principles for funding and bidding was developed (FEFC 1994) 其中包括对学生辍学的严厉经济处罚. 本质上, 该制度的特点是几乎所有国家资助都归属于学生个人. 有资金用于初步建议和指导, on-course delivery and student achievement, but if the student drops out, 学院立即失去这笔资金, so that loss of students in the first term leads to an immediate loss of college finding for the other two terms.
F. 毫不奇怪, 这立即引起了大学的关注，并强烈关注提高学生保留率的必要性. 最近, 所以, 为提高保留率付出了相当大的努力，但, …… (1995) 指出, 没有人进行研究作为策略的基础. Additional complexity was that colleges had been slow to computerise their student data and most colleges were in the position of not knowing what their retention rates were or any patterns involved.
G. 如果数据确实存在，则由行政或学术人员单独保存，这些群体之间的沟通不畅. 学院, 然而, jumped into a number of strategies based largely on experience, 本能和常识并开始出版 (马丁内斯 1996; 马丁内斯 1997; 肯赖特 1996; 肯赖特 1997). The main strategies tried are outlined in the literature as summarised by Martinez (1996). These include sporting activities around entry to ensure ‘best fit’, supporting activities including child care, 财政支持和丰富/学习者支持, 连接活动以加强学院与学生之间的关系, 包括指导和辅导以及改变学生的活动, including raising of expectations and study/career development support and tutoring.
问题 1 – 3
Look at the following dates (问题 1-3) and key events in the development of further education below.
Match each date with a key event.
Write the correct letters A-G in boxes 1-3 在你的答卷上.
1 1991
2 1993
3 1994
Key Events
A Severe penalties for drop-out are developed as part of college funding mechanisms.
B Serious attempts are made to improve student support
C An influential report showing that non-completion rates are significantly high is published.
E The lack of a strategical basis is officially recognized.
E The HTML is created.
F Data on student completion rates for further education are published.
G A minor report showing that non-completion rates are significantly high is published.
问题 4-8
完成句子 below with words taken from Reading Passage 1.
使用 不超过三个字 对于每个答案.
Write your answers in blank spaces 4-8 在你的答卷上.
4 英国继续教育学院原本并不担心学生辍学, because students did not leave college for fear of………………….
5 据作者介绍, the philosophy at further education colleges was………………
6 随着人们越来越意识到机会均等, colleges encouraged students from under-represented groups, as a move to……………….
7 The HMI‘s report focused on completion rates, based on……………of reasons for students’ departure from college.
8 In the early 19905, 政治局势, 在英国和美国, demanded a major……………….
问题 9 – 14
选择正确的字母, A, 乙, C or D.
Write your answers next to 9-14 在你的答卷上.
9 The report Unfinished Business
A pointed out the politics of the time.
B gave £500 million to the state,
C linked drop-out to wasting money.
D 转动聚光灯.
10 制定的新系列原则 1994 by the FEFC
A给每个学生钱,
B 是准独立的
C 意味着大学必须立即将注意力转向提高学生保留率.
D was aimed at improving teacher retention rates
11 降低学生辍学率的尝试受到阻碍, 因为
A there was a lack of research data upon which to base strategies.
B学院不知道该怎么办.
大学里的 C 计算机速度很慢.
D类院校没有模式.
12 降低学生辍学率的进一步障碍是
A colleges’ slowness in computerizing data and not knowing their retention rates, nor what patterns of retention existed.
B college inertia and administrative incompetence.
C computer glitches and strikes, which occurred at most colleges.
D Colleges’ strategies to deal with the problem of low retention.
13 大学应对低保留率问题的策略……
A 将行政人员和学术人员聚集在一起
B变化很大
C跳了
D 基于数据以外的东西
14 提高保留率的主要策略包括
A ‘best fit’ supporting activities.
B activities to support and transform the student.
C the raising of college expectations.
D 马丁内斯的总结.
阅读段落 2
您应该花费大约 20 提问时间 15-28 这是基于阅读文章 2.
Tyes and Greens
A. There are a number of settlements in this part of East Anglia with names containing the word ‘tye’. The word is Anglo-Saxon in origin, and the Oxford English Dictionary quotes the earliest usage of the term as dating from 832. Essentially a ‘tye’ was a green or a small area of open common land, usually sited away from the main village or settlement, perhaps at the junction of two or more routes. Local H W people and passing travellers had the right to pasture their horses, pigs and other farm animals on the tye.
乙. In the Pebmarsh area there seem to have been five or six of these tyes, all, except one, at the margins of the parish. These marginal clearings are all away from the richer farming land close to the river, 和, in the case of Cooks Green, Hayles Tye, and Dorking Tye, close to the edge of still existing fragments of ancient woodland. It seems likely than that, 这里, as elsewhere in East Anglia, medieval freemen were allowed to clear a small part of the forest and create a smallholding. Such unproductive forest land would, in any case, have been unattractive to the wealthy baronial or monastic landowners. Most of the land around Pebmarsh village belonged to Earls Colne Priory, a wealthy monastery about 10 kilometres to the south, and it may be that by the 13th and 14th centuries the tyes were maintained by tenant farmers paying rent to the Priory.
C. Hayles Tye seems to have got its name from a certain John Hayle who is documented in the 13803, although there are records pointing to the occupation of the site at a much earlier date. The name was still in use in 1500 and crops up again throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, usually in relation to the payment of taxes or tithes. At some point during the 18th century, the name is changed to File’s Green, though no trace of an owner called File has been found. Also in the 18th century, the original dwellings on the site disappeared. Much of this region was economically depressed during this period and the land and its dwellings may simply have been abandoned. Several farms were abandoned in the neighbouring village of Alphamstone, and the population dwindled so much that there was no money to support the fabric of the village church, which became very dilapidated. 然而, another possibility is that the buildings at File’s Green burnt down, fires being not infrequent at this time.
D. 经过 1817 the land was owned by Charles Townsend of Ferriers Farm, and in 1821 he built two brick cottages on the site, each cottage occupied by two families of agricultural labourers. The structure of these cottages was very simple, just a two-storey rectangle divided in the centre by a large common chimneypiece. Each dwelling had its own fireplace, but the two families seem to have shared a brick bread-oven which jutted out from the rear of the cottage. The outer wall of the bread-oven is still visible on the remaining cottage. The fireplaces themselves and the chimney structure appear to be older than the 1821 cottages and may have survived from the earlier dwellings. All traces of the common land had long disappeared, and the two cottages stood on a small plot of less than an acre where the labourers would have been able to grow a few vegetables and keep a few chickens or a pig. The bulk of their time was spent working at Ferrier’s farm.
乙. Both cottages are clearly marked on maps of 1874, but by the end of the century, one of them had gone. 再次, the last years of the 19th century were a period of agricultural depression, and a number of smaller farms in the area were abandoned. Traces of one, Mosse’s Farm, still partly encircled by a very overgrown moat, may be seen less than a kilometre from File’s Green. It seems likely that, as the need for agricultural labour declined, one of the cottages fell into disuse, decayed and was eventually pulled down. Occasional fragments of rubble and brick still surface in the garden of the remaining cottage. 在 1933, this cottage was sold to the manager of the newly-opened gravel works to the north-west of Pebmarsh village. He converted these two dwellings into one. 这, 然后, is the only remaining habitation on the site and is called File’s Green Cottage.
问题 15 – 18
选择正确的字母, A, 乙, C or D.
Write your answers next to 15-18 在你的答卷上.
15 A tye was
A a green.
B a large open area.
C common land with trees.
D found at the junction of two or more routes.
16 The Pebmarsh area
A probably had seven tyes.
B probably had six tyes.
C appears to have had five or six tyes.
D was not in East Anglia.
17 The tyes in the Pebmarsh area were
A near the river.
B used by medieval freemen.
C mostly at the margins of the parish.
D owned by Earls Colne Priory.
18 据作者介绍, wealthy landowners
A did not find the sight of forest land attractive.
B found the sight of forest land attractive.
C were attracted by the sight of forest land.
D considered forest land unproductive.
问题 19 – 28
完成下表.
选择 不超过三个字 from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in blank spaces next to 19-28 在你的答卷上.
| 13805 | John Hayle who is documented apparently gave his name to Hayles Tye |
| 15005 | The name of Hayles Tye was still 19……. and 20……… again in the following two centuries in relation to taxes. |
| 18th Century | Hayles Tye was renamed 21……….; the original dwellings may either have disappeared or were 22…………… |
| 1817 | Charles Townsend of Ferriers Farm 23………….. Files Green. |
| 1821 | At File’s Green, Charles Townsend built 24………. cottages, which housed families employed as 25………… The chimney structure and the 26………. appear to pre-date the cottages. |
| 1933 | The cottage now called File’s Green Cottage was bought by the local 27………… manager who convened the cottage into 28………… |
阅读段落 3
您应该花费大约 20 提问时间 29-40 这是基于阅读文章 1.
问题 29-35
阅读段落 3 has eight paragraphs 啊
From the list of headings below choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph.
Write the appropriate numbers i-xiii in boxes 29-35 在你的答卷上
List of Headings
| 我 | Social Solutions |
| 二、 | The law backs noise |
| 三、 | Some practical solutions |
| 四号 | The beautiful countryside |
| v | Noise from mobiles |
| 六 | Neighbour noise |
| 七 | Noisy travellers |
| 八 | Noise to entertain you |
| 九 | Noisy restaurants |
| X | The law and noise |
| 希 | Rural peace shattered |
| 十二 | A quiet evening at the restaurant |
| 十三 | Noise on the increase |
Example Answer
Paragraph A xiii
29 B段
30 C段
31 D段
32 E段
33 F段
34 G段
35 H段
A. According to the Royal National Institute for Deaf People, there has been a threefold increase in hearing loss and, in the future, deafness will become an epidemic. It is hardly surprising that new research shows complaints about noise, 尤其, loud music and barking dogs, are on the increase. So the situation becomes that the National Society for Clean Air and the Environment was even moved to designate 7 六月 2000 as Noise Action Day. There are so many different sources of noise competing for people’s attention. Travelling on a train as it saunters gently through the countryside was once a civilised and enjoyable experience. That delight has but disappeared. Because we have to reach our destination more quickly, the train hurtles at break-neck speed along tracks not designed to carry carriages at such high velocity.
乙. The train is noisier, and so are the occupants. They have to compete with the noise of the train and the conversations of their fellow travellers. And then there are the ubiquitous headphones (one set if you are lucky); not to mention that bane of all travellers, the mobile phone -not one’s own, 当然, because one has switched it off. The noise-sensitive, a growing minority group, are hit by a double whammy here: the phone going off and the person answering in a loud voice because they cannot believe the other person can hear. And let us not forget computer games making horrid noises given by parents to keep their children quiet! It is, 然而, gratifying to see that some train companies request people to keep the volume of their headphones down. It still strikes one as strange that people have to be reminded to do this. Like no-smoking carriages, they should have more no-noise carriages: mobile-free, headphone-free, computer-free zones!
C. And the answer? Should people simply stay at home? 不, not really. The neighbours do DIY: if you are lucky between 9 上午和 7 下午, and if you are not, 24 一天几个小时. They play loud music, sing, play the piano, rip up their carpets; they jump up and down on bare floorboards to annoy you further. They have loud parties to irritate you and cats, dogs and children that jump onto bare wooden floors and make your heart stop. And, because they want to hear the music in other parts of their flat they pump up the volume so that you can feel the noise as well as hear it. And if you are very fortunate, they attach the stereo to the walls above your settee, so that you can vibrate as well. Even if you live in a semi-detached or detached property, they will still get you.
D. People escape to the countryside and return to the urban environment. They cannot tolerate the noise – the tractors, the cars and the motorbikes ripping the air apart as they career along country roads. Then there are the country dirt-track rallies that destroy the tranquillity of country weekends and holidays. And we must not forget the birds! Indeed, the dawn chorus is something to contend with. 所以, when you go to the countryside, make sure you take your industrial ear-muffs with you!
乙. A quiet evening at the cinema, 也许, or a restaurant? The former will have the latest all-round stereophonic eardrum-bursting sound system, with which they will try to deafen you. Film soundtracks register an average of 82 decibels with the climax of some films hitting as high as 120! And in the restaurant, you will be waited on by waiters who have been taking their employers to court, because the noise in their working environment is way above the legal limits. Normal conversation registers at 60 decibels but noise levels of up to 90 are frequent in today’s restaurants. The danger level is considered to be any noise above 85 decibels! What is it doing to your eardrums then? Shopping is also out because stereophonic sound systems have landed there, 也.
F. Recently the law in the United Kingdom has been changed Vis-a-vis noise, with stiffer penalties: fines, confiscation of stereo equipment and eviction for serious offences. Noise curfews could also be imposed in residential areas by enforcing restrictions on noise levels after certain times in the evenings, tighter legislation is a step in the right direction but there is no one solution to the problem, least of all recourse to the law. In some well-publicised cases, the legal and bureaucratic process has been unbearable enough to drive people to suicide.
G. The situation needs to be addressed from a variety of different angles simultaneously. There are practical solutions like using building materials in flats and houses that absorb sound: sound-proofing material is already being used in recording studios and, whilst it is far from cheap to install, with research and mass sales, prices will come down. Designers have begun to realise that there is a place for soft furnishings in restaurants, like carpets, soft wall-coverings and cushions. As well as creating a relaxing ambience, they absorb the noise. Informal solutions like mediation are also frequently more effective than legislation. And the answer may partly be found in the wider social context. The issue is surely one of public awareness and of politeness, of respect for neighbours, of good manners, and also of citizenship; 有效, how individuals operate within society and relate to each other. Perhaps we need to be taught once again tolerate silence.
问题 36 – 39
Look at the following areas where noise is a problem (问题 36-39) and the list of solutions for noise problems below.
Match each area with the correct solution.
Write the correct letter A-K in boxes 36-39 在你的答卷上.
36 Trains
37 餐厅
38 Homes
39 Living in a rural setting
| List of Solutions | |
| A B C D E F G H I J K | People should be sent to prison. More sophisticated sound systems are needed. Sofa furnishings are needed. People should stay at home. Sound-proofing materials should be used. Music should be turned down. The noise laws should be relaxed. Shops should have restricted opening hours. Trains should be sound-proofed. More noise-free carriages should be introduced on trains. Visitors should take industrial ear-muffs with them. |
问题 40
选择正确的字母, A, 乙, C, D or E.
Write your answers next to 40 在你的答卷上.
40 Which of the following is the most suitable title for Reading Passage 3?
A The legal impact of increased noise
B Societal noise: problems and solutions
C A call for increased noise tolerance within neighbourhoods
D Deafness: a by-product of modern society
E Neighbourhood sounds on the increase
答案
[限制付费=true]
Passage 1
| 1. | F 答案在段落中 3. The answer is not E, 因为没有提及 HMI 何时创建. |
| 2. | C 答案在第四段. Note that G is not possible, because the passage says the report was seminal. IE. important/ influential. |
| 3. | A 答案在段落中 4. |
| 4. | endangering their job 答案在第一段. 该句子是正文第一句的改述. |
| 5. | (主要是) 自由主义 答案在第一段最后一句开头. |
| 6. | widening participation OR widen participation 答案在第二段. 注意动名词可以改为不定式. |
| 7. | academic staff’s explanations 答案在第三段第二句. |
| 8. | taxation reduction OR tax reduction 答案在第四段第一句. |
| 9. | C 答案在第四段. A 不正确, 因为这不是报告所做的. B 不对, 因为报告没有给他们钱, 并且 D 不完整. |
| 10. | C 答案在段落中 4. A. is not right, 因为钱没有给学生 (it is given to the college for the student). 乙. is incorrect because it was a further education that became quasi-independent, 不是原则, 和D. 不可能, 因为文中没有这样说. |
| 11. | A 答案可以在第五段第一句中找到. “降低学生辍学率”一词是“提高保留率”的释义. It is important to look out for way’s in which sections of the text are paraphrased in the various types of questions. 乙, C 和 D 不正确，因为这三个都包含从文本中提取的短语, 但这里用在错误的上下文中. |
| 12. | A 答案可以在第五段第二句中找到. 请注意，该句子给出了三种复杂性, which hinder the reducing of drop-out rates. 文中没有提到B, nor is C. The first element of D is correct, 但第二个是无意义的. |
| 13. | D 答案在第五段后半段. The last sentence gives the answer, IE. 数据以外的东西. A and B are not stated, and C is incomplete. |
Passage 2
| 14. | 乙 The answer is in the final paragraph and is a summary of the examples given. A is a phrase lifted from the text and is past of two ideas – note the comma in the text. C is incorrect because the passage refers to raising the students’ expectations, 不是学院的. D 不正确, because Martinez outlined the strategies, 所以马丁内斯的总结包括了策略, 而不是相反. |
| 15. | A 答案在段落中 1. A tye is not large, so B is not correct. We do not know if there were trees, so C is correct. And D was not always the case. |
| 16. | C 答案在第二段第一句. The answer is not A or B, because the text does indicate any degree of possibility/probability, nor does it state a specific number. D is obviously wrong. |
| 17. | C 答案在段落中 2, 在第一句话中: … all except one at the margins of the parish. A is not one – see the second sentence of the paragraph. 乙. is ‘likely՛, but the answer is not categorically given. D is incorrect, because most not all, of the land was owned by the Priory. |
| 18. | D 答案在段落中 2. Note the tense: … would, in any case, have been unattractive…, indicating what a writer interprets as having happened. Note that the word unattractive here does not mean visually. It means that they would have liked it because it was not producing anything. So A and B are wrong because they talk about sight, C is obviously wrong. |
| 19. | in use This is in the second sentence of paragraph 3. |
| 20. | crops up The answer is in the second sentence of paragraph 3. Note the different tenses and the verb forms here. You can change the present simple crops up into the gerund and you can use the simple tense. They all fit the grammar of the text in the exercise. |
| 21. | File’s Green The answer is in the third sentence of paragraph 3. |
| 22. | abandoned OR burnt down The answers are at the end of paragraph 3. Both answers are correct. |
| 23. | owned 答案在段落第一句 4. |
| 24. | two OR two brick 答案在段落第一句 4. |
| 25. | agricultural labourers 答案在段落第一句 4. |
| 26. | fireplaces The answer is in the 4th paragraph. The fireplaces themselves and the chimney structure appear to be older (pre-date) 这 1821 cottages. |
| 27. | gravel works 答案在最后一段. Note this phrase is an adjective here. Note that you cannot add the word newly-opened. In the reading passage, the word describes the word works, but in the exercise, it would describe the word manager |
| 28. | one dwelling 答案在最后一段. Note that there were two cottages. Each cottage had two families, IE. two dwellings. One cottage was destroyed leaving one cottage with two dwellings, which the manager converted into a cottage with one dwelling. Note you cannot have the word one on its own. |
Passage 3
| 29. | 七 |
| 30. | 六 |
| 31. | 希 Heading iv is not suitable as it does not really talk about the countryside, but the noise there. Nor is there any mention of beauty. |
| 32. | 八 Heading ix is not suitable as the paragraph does not just talk about restaurants. |
| 33. | X |
| 34. | 三、 |
| 35. | 我 |
| 36. | j The answer is at the end of paragraph B. |
| 37. | C The answer is in paragraph c. Restaurants are talked about in paragraph E, but the solution is given in the paragraph. |
| 38. | 乙 The answer is in paragraph c in the second sentence. |
| 39. | K 答案在D段. |
| 40. | 乙 Although A, C, D and E are all mentioned in the text, they are only dealt with to a lesser degree than E. B is the best answer as the whole passage details several problems that occur in society and concludes with some suggestions for solving the problem of noise in society. |
[/限制]